日志

不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。
Without accumulating small steps, one cannot reach a thousand miles; without small streams accumulated, rivers and sea cannot be formed.

《荀子 | 劝学篇》

pervade [V-T]	If something pervades a place or thing, it is a noticeable feature throughout it. 弥漫、充满	The smell of sawdust and glue pervaded the factory. 锯屑和胶水的气味弥漫在工厂里。
ponderous [ADJ]	Ponderous writing or speech is very serious, uses more words than necessary, and is dull. (文章、话语) 冗长沉闷的	He had a dense, ponderous style. 他的风格是词藻堆砌、冗长沉闷。
circumlocution [N-VAR]	A circumlocution is a way of saying or writing something using more words than are necessary instead of being clear and direct. 兜圈子、迂回	It was always when you most wanted a direct answer that Greenfield came up with a circumlocution. 总是在你最想得到一个直截了当的回答时，格林菲尔德却要绕上十八个弯。
expound [V-T]	If you expound an idea or opinion, you give a clear and detailed explanation of it. 阐释、详解	Schmidt continued to expound his views on economics and politics. 施密特继续阐释他关于经济与政治的观点。
succinct [ADJ]	Something that is succinct expresses facts or ideas clearly and in few words. 言简意赅的、简练的	The book gives an admirably succinct account of the technology and its history. 这本书对该项技术及其历史作了极其简明的叙述。

---

不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。
Without accumulating small steps, one cannot reach a thousand miles; without small streams accumulated, rivers and sea cannot be formed.

《荀子 | 劝学篇》

auspice [N-COUNT]	An auspice is a sign or omen, esp one that is favourable 吉兆	Ancient people had two opposite views on the clarity of the Yellow River: symbolism of auspice or malignancy. 古人对黄河清有“祥瑞之兆”和“不祥之征”两种观点。
dissuade [V-T]	If you dissuade someone from doing or believing something, you persuade them not to do or believe it. 劝阻、劝止	She steadfastly maintained that her grandsons were innocent, and nothing could dissuade her from that belief. 她始终坚持她的孙子们是无辜的，没有什么能改变她的这一信念。
defiance [N-UNCOUNT]	Defiance is behaviour or an attitude which shows that you are not willing to obey someone. 违抗、反抗、抗争	Angry protestors with clenched fists shouted their defiance. 愤怒的抗议者们紧握拳头高声抗议。
proliferate [V-I]	If things proliferate, they increase in number very quickly. 激增、增生	An excess of certain proteins can cause cells to proliferate abnormally and become cancerous; a lack of the protein insulin results in diabetes. 某些蛋白质的过量会导致细胞异常增殖并癌变；胰岛素蛋白质的缺乏会导致糖尿病。
perplexing [ADJ]	If you find something perplexing, you do not understand it or do not know how to deal with it. 令人费解的、令人困惑的	It took years to understand many perplexing diseases. 许多疑难病症要耗时多年才能搞明白。

---

不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。
Without accumulating small steps, one cannot reach a thousand miles; without small streams accumulated, rivers and sea cannot be formed.

《荀子 | 劝学篇》

recapitulate [V-T/V-I]	You can say that you are going to recapitulate the main points of an explanation, argument, or description when you want to draw attention to the fact that you are going to repeat the most important points as a summary. 概括	Let’s just recapitulate the essential points. 让我们只概述一下基本要点吧。
deplorable [ADJ]	If you say that something is deplorable, you think that it is very bad and unacceptable. 糟透的、凄惨的	They were living in the most deplorable conditions. 他们生活在最糟糕的环境里。
vigilant [ADJ]	Someone who is vigilant gives careful attention to a particular problem or situation and concentrates on noticing any danger or trouble that there might be. 警惕的、警觉的	He warned the public to be vigilant and report anything suspicious. 他告诫公众要保持警惕，报告任何可疑情况。
obtrusive [ADJ]	If you say that someone or something is obtrusive, you think they are noticeable in an unpleasant way. 刺眼的	These heaters are less obtrusive and are easy to store away in the summer. 这些取暖器不那么难看，在夏天也容易收藏。
inadvertent [ADJ]	An inadvertent action is one that you do without realizing what you are doing. 无意的	The government has said it was an inadvertent error. 政府声称那是无意的过失。

---

不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。
Without accumulating small steps, one cannot reach a thousand miles; without small streams accumulated, rivers and sea cannot be formed.

《荀子 | 劝学篇》

jaunty [ADJ]	If you describe someone or something as jaunty, you mean that they are full of confidence and energy. 充满信心和活力的	He always looked jaunty and yet reserved, good-natured, and yet capable and self-sufficient. 他老是精神抖擞而又老成持重，心地善良而又干练、自负。
dubious [ADJ]	If you describe something as dubious, you mean that you do not consider it to be completely honest, safe, or reliable. 可疑的、不太可靠的	This claim seems to us to be rather dubious. 这项声明在我们看来相当不可信。
rhetorical [ADJ]	A rhetorical question is one that is asked in order to make a statement rather than to get an answer. 修辞上的 (设问)、反问的	He grimaced slightly, obviously expecting no answer to his rhetorical question. 他稍稍做了个苦相，显然并不指望对他的修辞性设问有所回答。
ascertain [V-T]	If you ascertain the truth about something, you find out what it is, especially by making a deliberate effort to do so. (尤指经过努力) 查明	Through doing this, the teacher will be able to ascertain the extent to which the child understands what he is reading. 通过这样做，老师将能确定这个孩子对他正在读的内容的理解程度。
pernicious [ADJ]	If you describe something as pernicious, you mean that it is very harmful. 极为有害的	I did what I could, but her mother’s influence was pernicious. 我已尽我所能，但她母亲造成的影响是很极为不利的。

---

不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。
Without accumulating small steps, one cannot reach a thousand miles; without small streams accumulated, rivers and sea cannot be formed.

《荀子 | 劝学篇》

reconnaissance [N-UNCOUNT]	Reconnaissance is the activity of obtaining military information about a place by sending soldiers or planes there, or by the use of satellites. 侦察、勘测	The helicopter was returning from a reconnaissance mission. 那架直升机执行完一项侦察任务正在返回。
decree [V-T]	If someone in authority decrees that something must happen, they decide or state this officially. 发布命令	The government decreed that all who wanted to live and work in Kenya must hold Kenyan passports. 政府下令要求所有想在肯尼亚居住和工作的人必须持有肯尼亚护照。
promulgate [V-T]	If people promulgate a new law or a new idea, they make it widely known. 散布; 传播	The shipping industry promulgated a voluntary code. 航运业对自律守则进行了宣传。
deliberation [N-PLURAL]	Deliberations are formal discussions where an issue is considered carefully. 审议	Their deliberations were rather inconclusive. 他们的审议没有什么结论。
dissension [N-UNCOUNT]	Dissension is disagreement and argument. 争辩、意见分歧	The tax cut issue has caused dissension among administration officials. 减税议题在政府官员内部引发了争议。

---

不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。
Without accumulating small steps, one cannot reach a thousand miles; without small streams accumulated, rivers and sea cannot be formed.

《荀子 | 劝学篇》

obviate [V-T]	To obviate something such as a problem or a need means to remove it or make it unnecessary. 消除; 使…成为不必要	The use of a lawyer trained as a mediator would obviate the need for independent legal advice. 聘请受过训练做调解人的律师，就没必要再找独立的法律咨询了。
flagrant [ADJ]	You can use flagrant to describe an action, situation, or someone’s behaviour that you find extremely bad or shocking in a very obvious way. 明目张胆的、公然的	The judge called the decision “a flagrant violation of international law.” 法官称这个决定是“对国际法的公然违反”。
incite [V-T]	If someone incites people to behave in a violent or illegal way, they encourage people to behave in that way, usually by making them excited or angry. 煽动、鼓动	He incited his fellow citizens to take their revenge. 他煽动他的同胞们进行报复。
ceaseless [ADJ]	If something, often something unpleasant, is ceaseless, it continues for a long time without stopping or changing. 持续的、不停的	There is a ceaseless struggle from noon to night. 有一场从中午到深夜的持续冲突。
meticulous [ADJ]	If you describe someone as meticulous, you mean that they do things very carefully and with great attention to detail. 小心谨慎的、注意细节的	He has been a meticulous manager, a manager par excellence. 他是位一丝不苟的经理，一位出类拔萃的经理。

---

不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。
Without accumulating small steps, one cannot reach a thousand miles; without small streams accumulated, rivers and sea cannot be formed.

《荀子 | 劝学篇》

infest [V-T]	When creatures such as insects or rats infest plants or a place, they are present in large numbers and cause damage. (昆虫或老鼠等) 大批出没于	This species will infest cereals, fruit, shelled nuts, cocoa beans, spices and tobacco. 该害虫可在谷物、水果、坚果、可可豆、香料和烟草中大量繁衍。
unduly [ADV]	If you say that something does not happen or is not done unduly, you mean that it does not happen or is not done to an excessive or unnecessary extent. 过分地、过度地	This will achieve greater security without unduly burdening the consumers or the economy. 这将在没有给消费者或经济过度增加负担的前提下变得更安全。
ubiquitous [ADJ]	If you describe something or someone as ubiquitous, you mean that they seem to be everywhere. 无所不在的、普遍存在的	Sugar is ubiquitous in the diet. 糖在饮食中随处可见。
enfeebled [ADJ]	If someone or something is enfeebled, they have become very weak. 变衰弱的	The aim ostensibly is to protect Iraqi airspace and revive its enfeebled air force. 此举的目的表面上是为了保护伊拉克领空，振兴衰弱无力的空军。
behoove [V-T]	If it behooves you to do something, it is right, necessary, or useful for you to do it. 理所当然、理应	The 21st century is the age of Psychosomatic medicine, when the Qizhi doctrine in Neijing behoove us to develop. 21世纪是心身医学的时代，《内经》形神并重的气质学说理应得到宏扬。

---

不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。
Without accumulating small steps, one cannot reach a thousand miles; without small streams accumulated, rivers and sea cannot be formed.

《荀子 | 劝学篇》

splutter [V-I]	If something splutters, it makes a series of short, sharp sounds. 发劈啪声	Suddenly the engine coughed, spluttered, and died. 突然发动机扑哧扑哧、劈啪作响，然后熄火了。
debilitate [V-T]	If you are debilitated by something such as an illness, it causes your body or mind to become gradually weaker. 虚弱	Stewart took over yesterday when Russell was debilitated by a stomach virus. 昨天因拉塞尔患有肠炎身体变得虚弱，斯图尔特已经接管了他的工作。
succumb [V-I]	If you succumb to temptation or pressure, you do something that you want to do, or that other people want you to do, although you feel it might be wrong. (向诱惑、压力) 屈服	Don’t succumb to the temptation to have just one cigarette. 不要屈服于只抽一支烟的诱惑。
undesirable [ADJ]	If you describe something or someone as undesirable, you think they will have harmful effects. 不受欢迎的、不利的	Inflation is considered to be undesirable because of its adverse effects on income distribution. 通货膨胀因其对收入分配的反作用而被认为是不利的。
understatement [N-UNCOUNT]	Understatement is the practice of suggesting that things have much less of a particular quality than they really have. 低调说法、轻描淡写	To say I’m disappointed is an understatement. 说我很失望是很轻的说法。

---

不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。
Without accumulating small steps, one cannot reach a thousand miles; without small streams accumulated, rivers and sea cannot be formed.

《荀子 | 劝学篇》

embezzle [V-T]	If someone embezzles money that their organization or company has placed in their care, they take it and use it illegally for their own purposes. 挪用、侵吞	One former director embezzled $34 million in company funds. 一位前任主管挪用了3400万美元的公司资金。
steadfast [ADJ]	If someone is steadfast in something that they are doing, they are convinced that what they are doing is right and they refuse to change it or to give up. 坚定的	He remained steadfast in his belief that he had done the right thing. 他仍然坚信自己做了正确的事情。
resolute [ADJ]	If you describe someone as resolute, you approve of them because they are very determined not to change their mind or not to give up a course of action. 坚定的	Voters perceive him as a decisive and resolute international leader. 选民认识到他是一位果断、坚定的国际领袖。
turmoil [N-VAR]	Turmoil is a state of confusion, disorder, uncertainty, or great anxiety. 混乱、骚乱	She lived through the turmoil of the French Revolution. 她经历过法国大革命的混乱之后仍旧活着。
attenuate [V-T]	To attenuate something means to reduce it or weaken it. 使减小、使减弱	You could never eliminate risk, but preparation and training could attenuate it. 风险不可能完全消除，但可以通过防范和培训来降低。

---

不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。
Without accumulating small steps, one cannot reach a thousand miles; without small streams accumulated, rivers and sea cannot be formed.

《荀子 | 劝学篇》

Many adjectives and adverbs that are carried over into translations from the Chinese originals are simply redundant in English.

Quadrupling GNP will provide a new starting point from which, in another 30 to 50 years, we shall approach the level of the developed countries.

Intensifiers (like “serious”, “great”, “extremely” or “certainly”) should be looked upon with suspicion: more often than not, an English text is better off without them.

A skilled writer will try to find, in the rich vocabulary the language has to offer, a strong, precise word that by itself will convey the meaning of both the intensifier and the weak word.

---