分类：学海无涯Lifelong Learning

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读书笔记：《1分钟读懂营养标签》【中国】国家食品安全风险评估中心 Reading notes

本文共有3778个字，阅读预计需要13分钟。 An estimated 13 minutes are required for reading this article with 3,778 words.

由于各营养素在自然界食品中的存在和分布不一样，人体需要量也不一样，一般消费者很难从数字表面看出食品中某一种营养素的高低。而如果以“占营养素参考值（NRV）百分比”来表示，则很好理解。比如某100g坚果中的脂肪含量为44.8g，经计算占脂肪NRV的百分比为75%，则可以认为，如果吃100g这个产品，大概能满足一天一个成人关于脂肪需求的75%（由于每个人的身高、体重、体力活动水平等不一样，需求量稍有差异，因此此处只能是大概），所以如果再吃其他含多的食物就要适当控制了。

这个神奇的比值转换是通过各个营养素的营养素参考值（NRV Nutrient Reference Values）来进行的。NRV是专用于食品标签上用来比较食品营养成分含量高低的一组参考数值。这些数据是我国的营养学家们根据我国居民的营养素参考摄入量而制定出来的。

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读书笔记：《图解1分钟快速记忆术》【日本】佐藤大和 Reading notes

本文共有2956个字，阅读预计需要10分钟。 An estimated 10 minutes are required for reading this article with 2,956 words.

努力了却考不出好成绩，原因无非如下：“我努力了却还是不行，就不想努力了。”

狡猾的记忆术的精髓在于“看答案”。照理说，如果时间充裕，我应该先学习解题即推导出答案的过程，但我颠倒了顺序。我先尽可能地看答案，接着再看题目。待将这样的“输入程序”重复数遍之后，我又开始重复“输出程序”，即看题目回忆答案。我的学习方法，不是看参考书→做题→对答案，而是看答案→看题目→看参考书。如果再加快速度，你就能在短时间内记住更多的知识。重点在于，这种回忆训练能帮助你不遗忘已经记住的知识。训练次数越多，回忆所需的时间就越短，直至最终你能在瞬间回忆起想要的知识，如此一来，学习时间能进一步缩短，甚至为你挤出娱乐的时间。

人生，从抛弃旧式学习方法的瞬间开始急剧改变。谁规定“学习注定不能轻松”？倒不如说，只有产生“想轻松学习”的念头才能孕育出高效的学习方法，继而让人获得满意的成绩。

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读书笔记：《3天改变体质的断糖饮食》【日本】西胁俊二 Reading notes

本文共有2892个字，阅读预计需要10分钟。 An estimated 10 minutes are required for reading this article with 2,892 words.

人类究竟是为了什么目的才进食呢？答案是“生存”。更正确一点来说，是“希望活得健康又快乐”。然而出乎意料的是，人类似乎对于吃进肚子的东西，一点也不关心。

听到“纳豆有益健康”，就到超市搜刮纳豆；听说“优格对肠道有益”，就餐餐猛吃优格。当然，愿意接受并尝试各种健康资讯，固然是一件好事，问题是，获取资讯后，我们是否用自己的头脑消化思考，这项资讯“真的正确吗？”或“对我来说是必要的吗？”培养独立思考的脑袋，而不被资讯牵着鼻子走，才是追求健康与快乐的不二法门。任何健康资讯都必须经过思考，不可盲目接受。

胰岛素如何将血液中的葡萄糖送往细胞呢？答案是藉由与细胞膜的受体结合，以顺利提供细胞养分。一旦脂肪增加过多，此受体便会遭到脂肪覆盖，无法顺利结合。当胰岛素无法将葡萄糖送进细胞内时，血糖自然无法下降。

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英语单词积累20230904 English words and vocabs

不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。
Without accumulating small steps, one cannot reach a thousand miles; without small streams accumulated, rivers and sea cannot be formed.

《荀子 | 劝学篇》
pervade
[V-T] 		If something pervades a place or thing, it is a noticeable feature throughout it. 弥漫、充满 The smell of sawdust and glue pervaded the factory.
锯屑和胶水的气味弥漫在工厂里。
ponderous
[ADJ] 		Ponderous writing or speech is very serious, uses more words than necessary, and is dull. (文章、话语) 冗长沉闷的 He had a dense, ponderous style.
他的风格是词藻堆砌、冗长沉闷。
circumlocution
[N-VAR] 		A circumlocution is a way of saying or writing something using more words than are necessary instead of being clear and direct. 兜圈子、迂回It was always when you most wanted a direct answer that Greenfield came up with a circumlocution.
总是在你最想得到一个直截了当的回答时，格林菲尔德却要绕上十八个弯。
expound
[V-T] 		If you expound an idea or opinion, you give a clear and detailed explanation of it. 阐释、详解Schmidt continued to expound his views on economics and politics.
施密特继续阐释他关于经济与政治的观点。
succinct
[ADJ] 		Something that is succinct expresses facts or ideas clearly and in few words. 言简意赅的、简练的 The book gives an admirably succinct account of the technology and its history.
这本书对该项技术及其历史作了极其简明的叙述。
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本文基于知识共享署名-非商业性使用-相同方式共享4.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)契据，原著经周至道节选/编辑后发布于“道天地”，版权归属原作者。

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英语单词积累20230901 English words and vocabs

不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。
Without accumulating small steps, one cannot reach a thousand miles; without small streams accumulated, rivers and sea cannot be formed.

《荀子 | 劝学篇》
auspice
[N-COUNT] 		An auspice is a sign or omen, esp one that is favourable 吉兆 Ancient people had two opposite views on the clarity of the Yellow River: symbolism of auspice or malignancy.
古人对黄河清有“祥瑞之兆”和“不祥之征”两种观点。
dissuade
[V-T] 		If you dissuade someone from doing or believing something, you persuade them not to do or believe it. 劝阻、劝止 She steadfastly maintained that her grandsons were innocent, and nothing could dissuade her from that belief.
她始终坚持她的孙子们是无辜的，没有什么能改变她的这一信念。
defiance
[N-UNCOUNT] 		Defiance is behaviour or an attitude which shows that you are not willing to obey someone. 违抗、反抗、抗争 Angry protestors with clenched fists shouted their defiance.
愤怒的抗议者们紧握拳头高声抗议。
proliferate
[V-I] 		If things proliferate, they increase in number very quickly. 激增、增生 An excess of certain proteins can cause cells to proliferate abnormally and become cancerous; a lack of the protein insulin results in diabetes.
某些蛋白质的过量会导致细胞异常增殖并癌变；胰岛素蛋白质的缺乏会导致糖尿病。
perplexing
[ADJ] 		If you find something perplexing, you do not understand it or do not know how to deal with it. 令人费解的、令人困惑的 It took years to understand many perplexing diseases.
许多疑难病症要耗时多年才能搞明白。
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本文基于知识共享署名-非商业性使用-相同方式共享4.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)契据，原著经周至道节选/编辑后发布于“道天地”，版权归属原作者。

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英语单词积累20230831 English words and vocabs

不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。
Without accumulating small steps, one cannot reach a thousand miles; without small streams accumulated, rivers and sea cannot be formed.

《荀子 | 劝学篇》
recapitulate
[V-T/V-I] 		You can say that you are going to recapitulate the main points of an explanation, argument, or description when you want to draw attention to the fact that you are going to repeat the most important points as a summary. 概括 Let’s just recapitulate the essential points.
让我们只概述一下基本要点吧。
deplorable
[ADJ] 		If you say that something is deplorable, you think that it is very bad and unacceptable. 糟透的、凄惨的 They were living in the most deplorable conditions.
他们生活在最糟糕的环境里。
vigilant
[ADJ] 		Someone who is vigilant gives careful attention to a particular problem or situation and concentrates on noticing any danger or trouble that there might be. 警惕的、警觉的He warned the public to be vigilant and report anything suspicious.
他告诫公众要保持警惕，报告任何可疑情况。
obtrusive
[ADJ] 		If you say that someone or something is obtrusive, you think they are noticeable in an unpleasant way. 刺眼的 These heaters are less obtrusive and are easy to store away in the summer.
这些取暖器不那么难看，在夏天也容易收藏。
inadvertent
[ADJ] 		An inadvertent action is one that you do without realizing what you are doing. 无意的 The government has said it was an inadvertent error.
政府声称那是无意的过失。
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本文基于知识共享署名-非商业性使用-相同方式共享4.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)契据，原著经周至道节选/编辑后发布于“道天地”，版权归属原作者。

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英语单词积累20230830 English words and vocabs

不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。
Without accumulating small steps, one cannot reach a thousand miles; without small streams accumulated, rivers and sea cannot be formed.

《荀子 | 劝学篇》
jaunty
[ADJ] 		If you describe someone or something as jaunty, you mean that they are full of confidence and energy. 充满信心和活力的 He always looked jaunty and yet reserved, good-natured, and yet capable and self-sufficient.
他老是精神抖擞而又老成持重，心地善良而又干练、自负。
dubious
[ADJ] 		If you describe something as dubious, you mean that you do not consider it to be completely honest, safe, or reliable. 可疑的、不太可靠的 This claim seems to us to be rather dubious.
这项声明在我们看来相当不可信。
rhetorical
[ADJ] 		A rhetorical question is one that is asked in order to make a statement rather than to get an answer. 修辞上的 (设问)、反问的 He grimaced slightly, obviously expecting no answer to his rhetorical question.
他稍稍做了个苦相，显然并不指望对他的修辞性设问有所回答。
ascertain
[V-T] 		If you ascertain the truth about something, you find out what it is, especially by making a deliberate effort to do so. (尤指经过努力) 查明 Through doing this, the teacher will be able to ascertain the extent to which the child understands what he is reading.
通过这样做，老师将能确定这个孩子对他正在读的内容的理解程度。
pernicious
[ADJ] 		If you describe something as pernicious, you mean that it is very harmful. 极为有害的 I did what I could, but her mother’s influence was pernicious.
我已尽我所能，但她母亲造成的影响是很极为不利的。
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本文基于知识共享署名-非商业性使用-相同方式共享4.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)契据，原著经周至道节选/编辑后发布于“道天地”，版权归属原作者。

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英语单词积累20230829 English words and vocabs

不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。
Without accumulating small steps, one cannot reach a thousand miles; without small streams accumulated, rivers and sea cannot be formed.

《荀子 | 劝学篇》
reconnaissance
[N-UNCOUNT] 		Reconnaissance is the activity of obtaining military information about a place by sending soldiers or planes there, or by the use of satellites. 侦察、勘测 The helicopter was returning from a reconnaissance mission.
那架直升机执行完一项侦察任务正在返回。
decree
[V-T] 		If someone in authority decrees that something must happen, they decide or state this officially. 发布命令 The government decreed that all who wanted to live and work in Kenya must hold Kenyan passports.
政府下令要求所有想在肯尼亚居住和工作的人必须持有肯尼亚护照。
promulgate
[V-T] 		If people promulgate a new law or a new idea, they make it widely known. 散布; 传播 The shipping industry promulgated a voluntary code.
航运业对自律守则进行了宣传。
deliberation
[N-PLURAL] 		Deliberations are formal discussions where an issue is considered carefully. 审议 Their deliberations were rather inconclusive.
他们的审议没有什么结论。
dissension
[N-UNCOUNT] 		Dissension is disagreement and argument. 争辩、意见分歧The tax cut issue has caused dissension among administration officials.
减税议题在政府官员内部引发了争议。
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本文基于知识共享署名-非商业性使用-相同方式共享4.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)契据，原著经周至道节选/编辑后发布于“道天地”，版权归属原作者。

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英语单词积累20230828 English words and vocabs

不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。
Without accumulating small steps, one cannot reach a thousand miles; without small streams accumulated, rivers and sea cannot be formed.

《荀子 | 劝学篇》
obviate
[V-T]
To obviate something such as a problem or a need means to remove it or make it unnecessary. 消除; 使…成为不必要 The use of a lawyer trained as a mediator would obviate the need for independent legal advice.
聘请受过训练做调解人的律师，就没必要再找独立的法律咨询了。
flagrant
[ADJ] 		You can use flagrant to describe an action, situation, or someone’s behaviour that you find extremely bad or shocking in a very obvious way. 明目张胆的、公然的The judge called the decision “a flagrant violation of international law.”
法官称这个决定是“对国际法的公然违反”。
incite
[V-T] 		If someone incites people to behave in a violent or illegal way, they encourage people to behave in that way, usually by making them excited or angry. 煽动、鼓动He incited his fellow citizens to take their revenge.
他煽动他的同胞们进行报复。
ceaseless
[ADJ] 		If something, often something unpleasant, is ceaseless, it continues for a long time without stopping or changing. 持续的、不停的 There is a ceaseless struggle from noon to night.
有一场从中午到深夜的持续冲突。
meticulous
[ADJ] 		If you describe someone as meticulous, you mean that they do things very carefully and with great attention to detail. 小心谨慎的、注意细节的 He has been a meticulous manager, a manager par excellence.
他是位一丝不苟的经理，一位出类拔萃的经理。
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本文基于知识共享署名-非商业性使用-相同方式共享4.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)契据，原著经周至道节选/编辑后发布于“道天地”，版权归属原作者。

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英语单词积累20230825 English words and vocabs

不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。
Without accumulating small steps, one cannot reach a thousand miles; without small streams accumulated, rivers and sea cannot be formed.

《荀子 | 劝学篇》
infest
[V-T] 		When creatures such as insects or rats infest plants or a place, they are present in large numbers and cause damage. (昆虫或老鼠等) 大批出没于 This species will infest cereals, fruit, shelled nuts, cocoa beans, spices and tobacco.
该害虫可在谷物、水果、坚果、可可豆、香料和烟草中大量繁衍。
unduly
[ADV] 		If you say that something does not happen or is not done unduly, you mean that it does not happen or is not done to an excessive or unnecessary extent. 过分地、过度地This will achieve greater security without unduly burdening the consumers or the economy.
这将在没有给消费者或经济过度增加负担的前提下变得更安全。
ubiquitous
[ADJ] 		If you describe something or someone as ubiquitous, you mean that they seem to be everywhere. 无所不在的、普遍存在的 Sugar is ubiquitous in the diet.
糖在饮食中随处可见。
enfeebled
[ADJ] 		If someone or something is enfeebled, they have become very weak. 变衰弱的 The aim ostensibly is to protect Iraqi airspace and revive its enfeebled air force.
此举的目的表面上是为了保护伊拉克领空，振兴衰弱无力的空军。
behoove
[V-T] 		If it behooves you to do something, it is right, necessary, or useful for you to do it. 理所当然、理应The 21st century is the age of Psychosomatic medicine, when the Qizhi doctrine in Neijing behoove us to develop.
21世纪是心身医学的时代，《内经》形神并重的气质学说理应得到宏扬。
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本文基于知识共享署名-非商业性使用-相同方式共享4.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)契据，原著经周至道节选/编辑后发布于“道天地”，版权归属原作者。